4.1 Interactions Within and Across Cultures in Later European and American Art

Introduction and Overview

Interactions within and across cultures in later European and the Americas refer to the ways the social, cultural, and political environments of an area affects artists and art movements. Additionally, the rise of globalization and increased travel and communication led to a greater exchange of ideas and styles. These interactions can be seen in the ways that artists incorporate elements of other cultures into their work. Some examples include:

1. The influence of traditional Japanese prints and their colors and compositions on Impressionists (see The Coiffure).
2. The influence of African art on the works of Cubists and Surrealists (see Les Demoiselles d’Avignon).
3. The emergence of African American culture into the mainstream, which gave artists the ability to showcase their experiences (see The Migration of the Negro). This was known as the Harlem Renaissance.
4. The incorporation of an artists' indigenous roots into their art, which can be seen from Frida Kahlo and Diego Rivera.

College Board Essential Knowledge 

Below is some information from the AP Art History CED by the College Board that provides you with some more details about the events and their influence on art. 👇

• "From the mid-1700s to 1980 CE, Europe and the Americas experienced rapid change and innovation. Art existed in the context of dramatic events such as industrialization, urbanization, economic upheaval, migration, and war" (pg. 133). - Most of these political events "...catalyzed social change" (pg. 133) and we will see artists use their art to comment on these events.
• "The Enlightenment set the stage...[where]...belief[s] in knowledge and progress[ion] lead to revolutions and a new emphasis on human rights. Subsequently, Romanticism offered a critique of Enlightenment principles and industrialization" (pg. 133).
• Lastly, as we saw with New Spain, in this unit colonialism will expose artists to other cultures and other artistic styles (pg. 134).

Closing Thoughts 

In another study guide, we will go over the techniques and characteristics of artistic movements in this unit. However, it is important that you keep track of all the various styles that arise. As you take notes and embark on a journey through later Europe and the Americas, remember that the diversity of artwork came from artists seeking to express themselves. All these styles have unique characteristics, but as an art historian also try to draw similarities between them.

Well that's all for this study guide, happy studying! 🎉