6.3 Theories and Interpretations of African Art

Overview

African art has been the subject of much scholarly research, which has led to the development of various theories and interpretations. These attempt to understand the cultural, historical, and spiritual significance of African art.  

One of the key elements of art historical interpretation is the consideration of context. This may include the cultural and historical context in which the artwork was created, as well as the intended audience and purpose of the artwork. (You can visit our previous study guides for more information related to these topics). 

For example, early Western interpretations of African art often viewed it as "primitive" and lacking complexity. However, more recent scholarship, such as the rise of cultural anthropology (the study of human societies and their cultures), has placed a greater emphasis on the unique cultural, spiritual, and historical experiences of African communities. Now, African art is now widely recognized as a valuable source of cultural heritage and identity. Researchers are investigating the role of masks and sculptures in religious rituals, the use of symbols in artwork, and the role physical environment plays on architectural structures. 

Moreover, since African artists relied on oral tradition, little written documentation of their achievements has been recorded. This lack of concrete evidence has made it difficult to pinpoint the exact dates artwork has been created and the names of their artists. (This is similar to works in Unit 1). Nevertheless, while some African artists have used their art as a means of social and political commentary, others have used it to reflect the exchange of ideas and influences between African communities as well as with the rest of the world. Thus, African art continues to have a global impact. 

That is all for AP Art History Unit 6. We hope that these guides have helped you. Happy studying art historians! 👨‍🎓👩‍🎓🎨