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8 min read•june 18, 2024
Victoria Sokol
Isabela Padilha
Victoria Sokol
Isabela Padilha
As you learned in previous guides, individuals and communities are highly interconnected. Individuals are shaped by the culture cultivated by the communities they are inserted in, and communities are shaped by the actions and beliefs of these individuals. In this guide, we will analyze how families 👩👩👦 are intertwined with these communities. In addition, we will also explore the role of art in both maintaining and disrupting the ideals of these families and communities.
Immigration shaped the perceptions of family and community among Latinx communities. The process of immigration inserts individuals in a different place, with different customs and values, hence creating a culture clash. Within Spanish-speaking countries there is a great variety of traditions, which are exhibited through the Latino diaspora in the United States. The largest groups of Latinos in the United States are Mexicans 🇲🇽, Cubans 🇨🇺, El Salvadorans 🇸🇻 and Hondurans 🇭🇳.
Spanish-speaking immigrants have created art in their host countries, therefore creating forms of expression that relate to their own experiences and communities. One example is Chicano Art, which consists of an art movement by Mexican Americans that sought to assert their identity in the American context. Chicano artists have made meaningful contributions to contemporary art due to their personal depictions and manifestations of their identities through bright colors that incorporate Mexican indigenous roots. Chicano art re-affirms their Mexican identity, as well as posing the question: "What does it mean to be latinx in the United States?" There is no definitive answer, but their art gives us some insight.
Possible Answer: La escultura definitivamente interrumpe los valores de la familia y comunidad que son tradicionales en México. Esto es porque la cultura Mexicana esta profundamente incorporada en valores cristianos de la iglesia Católica. La escultura utiliza la imagen de la Virgen de Guadalupe de una forma polémica y generalmente esta imagen es utilizada con mucha cautela por los Cristianos.
Possible answer: Esto texto se refiere a los valores religiosos de la cultura Latina. Además, también se trata sobre la história de América Latina, que fue un región dominada por las practicas de la iglesia Católica Europea. La cultura predominantemente Cristiana contribuyó para la adoración de imágenes Católicas y la exclusión de otras figuras importantes para las culturas indígenas, como la diosa Coatlicue que fue incorporada en la estructura.
How do you think art affected a community in this case?/ ¿Como tú piensas que el arte afectó la comunidad en esta situación?
Possible answer: La escultura enfatizó la rigidez de las tradiciones religiosas de las familias de México. La arte trajo la cuestión sobre como se puede utilizar las imágenes de figuras religiosas, lo que llevó la comunidad a establecer sus limites. Esta situación reveló la característica conservadora de los vecinos en Guadalajara (Jalisco) y afectó la sensibilidad de los Mexicanos en relación al uso de la religión en la arte.
Long before the internet, before computers🖥️, before the printing press📰, before written language, there has been art🎨. The mediums may change, but the core concept remains. Art records history, life, and love of the time in which it was created.
One of the earliest sets of prehistoric art recovered in recent history was the cave paintings found in the Altamira cave system in northern España🇪🇸. The paintings depict daily life and what was valued to the people of the time. There are very clear bison and other large animals hunted by prehistoric humans and handprints. The artist used minute detail, realistic colors, and took advantage of the natural rock formations to add to the dimensionality of the subjects.
Aztec art stretches from large stone statues to small pieces of pottery. They utilized items in their surroundings like feathers, precious gemstones 💎, and metals such as silver and gold. The largest source of inspiration for Aztec art seems to come from its complex polytheistic religious system. We now know many of the stone statues were used in religious rituals because of the remnants of blood and precious gemstones💎.
The stone statues carved by Aztec artisans were huge and strong enough to endure time better than the pottery, featherwork, and intricate metalwork. Pottery cracked and crumbled, feathers flew away or rotted, and metalwork was either traded or melted to become coins💰. Some smaller artistic items discovered or preserved from the Aztec Empire show inspiration from nature and geometric shapes.
Why are paintings 🖼️ of war scenes important in the preservation of history? Well, consider this: how else would we remember what happened? Remember, before the internet 🖥️, before photography 📸, before the printing press 📰, there was paint 🎨. Paintings transcend language and can communicate more information in an instant than what can be written or spoken. As societies grow and move and struggle, art is there to help survivors or future generations understand what happened during the struggle.
For example, the image below is of the painting "3 de mayo, 1808" by Francisco Goya. It was painted to commemorate a specific military encounter on that date between the French 🇫🇷 and Spanish 🇪🇸. It depicts French soldiers (on the right), under the control of Napoleon Bonaparte, rounding up and executing Spaniards (on the left) in the predawn darkness because the Spanish had committed an uprising the day before.
Paintings of rulers were normal in the time period before photography 📸. The purpose behind painting the royal families over and over was twofold. First, each portrait would show the members of the family at varying ages and stages of life. Second, each portrait was expensive, so owning and displaying an extensive list of portraits was a status symbol to show other royals the level of wealth and power of the family in case of current or future marriage negotiations. The unfortunate side of royal portraiture was the uncertainty of realistic representation.
Some families committed inter-family marriage and therefore inbreeding occurred. This inbreeding caused some royals, like Carlos II "El Hechizado", to have physical deformities, but the family commissioned portraits that made his jaw look less deformed than it actually was. A few notable painters gained fame by starting as a royal court painter such as Diego Velázquez and Francisco de Goya. Below is "La familia de Carlos IV" by Francisco de Goya.
The invention of photography📸 transformed visual communication and the ability to record historical events accurately. Upon its invention and development, societies no longer had to wait days or weeks for an image to be completed. There was no longer subjectivity from the perspective 👓 of the artist. Photographs capture monumental moments in an instant. Early on in its history, photography was used to document historical events and serve the needs of the media 📰. Photography has been used as evidence of both the victories and the atrocities of war.
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